Friday, May 22, 2020

Comparing Women As Propriety In The Merchant Of Venice...

Women As Propriety In Shakespeares The Merchant Of Venice and The Taming Of the Shrew We may say that the dominant ideas in most societies are the ideas of the dominant sex, associated and mingled with those of dominant class. (Chedgzoy, pg.50) During the Elizabethan time men dominated society. Historically speaking males have always held more power then females in most cultures. Although a few cultures were Matriarchal societies. Yet even in these cultures women were not the superior power but were valued as equal to men. Most of the matriarchal societies viewed women as the embodiment of the goddess. Women have never been the sole dominant sex in a society. The fall of the Matriarchal societies occurred mostly†¦show more content†¦I chose to focus on women issues in Shakespeare plays because I found this area to be the most interesting. Throughout this web page one can find information on Elizabethan marriage and women during this time. The two plays that are written about contain significant evidence on how women were in inferior positions. The household was the microcosm of the state, and womens subjection a happy paradigm of civil order. (Dusinberre, pg.78) The household was a mirror of society and this made it extremely difficult for women to gain power of their own lives. Females were dependent on their fathers during childhood and were obliged to obey their fathers. Once females grew up and got married they were obliged to obey their husbands. During this time men and women were not viewed as an adult until they were married and began a family. In most cases marriages are arranged with a dowry which inevitable perpetuated the view of women as monetary positions. In a society that values the power of men it was often difficult for women to take on the multi-faceted roles that were required of them. While on one hand wives were supposed to be viewed as inferior they also

Thursday, May 7, 2020

Race, Class And Gender Masculinity, Feminism, And...

Human civilization has been around for centuries and through this, mistakes have occurred, discoveries of the unknown and adaptations to new surroundings have resulted. Through the changes in civilization, humanity has also learned from its mistakes and changed what was necessary for the population to grow and move forward. The human race is unique from all other forms of living primarily because we do not adapt to our environment like other creatures but we modify our surroundings to adapt to our desires. Change is inevitable in human nature and even though we are resilient towards adjustments at times, change still happens and civilization is forced to deal with the result preferable or not. Civil rights are becoming an ever-changing topic in our society today. Our current views of concern that need addressing are issues in race, class and gender through the viewpoints of three themes: Masculinity, Feminism, and Intersectionality. The topic of masculinity is one that every single man faces at some point in his life. The level of masculinity is dependent on how that individual was born and raised. At times, their level of masculinity is questioned and is forced to live with the positive and negatives of having too much or too low masculinity. Those that are high in masculinity are typically categorized as jocks and higher testosterone based individuals. Typical characteristics that are associated with having high masculinity are handsome, athletic, driven,Show MoreRelatedFeminism And Its Effects On Women924 Words   |  4 PagesThe authors’ positions in feminism also changes how they suggest a man can and should use his male privilege, which affects the conversations and how feminism moves forward. As alluded to earlier, profeminist men understand and sympathize with women’s movements and agree with their vision. Because they support feminism, Kimmel and Buchbinder educate and mobilize men to support feminism. They do this by addressing men and men’s movements while simultaneously pointing out the flaws and issues withinRead MoreAnalysis Of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie s The Night As Hope Essay1690 Words   |  7 Pagesfocus on African and African-American social and political issues. In December of 2012, she presented at the TedXEuston, a conference focused on African issues, about how intersectionality impacts society. Adichie described the night as â€Å"hope† in the aspect of the audience being so attentive and receiving of her message on feminism and culture. She named her talk We Should All Be Feminists, which was later manuscript into a short novel. Through use of personal narratives, Adichie focuses on how feministRead MoreGiving An Education By Adrienne Rich Essay1459 Words   |  6 Pagesknowledge, the result of which ultimately affected the marginalization of women and heightened consciousness. 2. Gender arrangements play a role in separating male and female which gives society the opportunity to view one specific group as higher than the other. This is also partly due to different genders having differing talents or qualities which helps establish oppression. Social class, race, ethnicity and sexual identity all take part in creating systems of power and establishing privilege over certainRead MoreIntersectionality Essay853 Words   |  4 PagesBerlyn Valdez WGS 150 October 16, 2017 Midterm Essay Intersectionality The term intersectionality is a very complex word with room for an open range for multiple definitions. Intersectionality is used to understand numerous types of oppressions and discriminations against people. Although, intersectionality wasnt used as a term until the 1980’s by Kimberle Crenshaw, an american civil rights activist and feminist, as a label for the types of oppressions women of color experienced. This is crucialRead MoreSocial Construction And Its Impact On Society Essay1578 Words   |  7 Pagesa society. In other words, this is when the value and meanings are tied to concepts such as feminity, masculinity, race, class and gender. Hence, this same values and meanings of such concepts change and impact the society we live in. Furthermore, the idea of a social construct is significant in many various ways. For example, social construct helps us understand about feminity and masculinity on a social platform to which society predict and attaches certain characte ristics to both females andRead MoreThe Black Movement And Women s Liberation Movement1645 Words   |  7 PagesMovement was formed in response to the rise and success of the Black Civil Rights Movement and the Women’s Liberation Movement. In an era of drastic social reform, many black women believed that their needs were not being properly addressed. Black Feminism played a significant role in American History by highlighting the flaws in the various liberation movements that arose. In doing so, it gave rise to many Black Feminist Organizations which in turn fostered a sense of accomplishment and effectivenessRead MoreThe Cultural Differences Between My Mother And I Explain My Disagreement1336 Words   |  6 Pagesfor all Latinos. Personally, I find gender roles toxic because it places limits on how people view themselves, which can lead to confusion later in life. Gender and gender issues must be viewed through an intersectionalized approach. I became aware of such issues through social media websites over the years. I encountered terms such a white feminism, feminism, LatinX, and intersectionality, but initially was not sure of their meanings until later. White feminism refers to the 1970’s Women’s MovementRead MoreFinally, Black Feminism Highlights The Unique Experiences1232 Words   |  5 PagesFinally, Black feminism highlights the unique experiences of Black women, but it lies in its commitment to justice, not just for Black women but for that of other similarly oppressed groups. An essential idea within Black feminism is intersectionality in that they argue that race, class, gender, sexuality, etc. are bound together (Garcia, 2016). In other words, white women and black women do not share identical experiences, despite all being female. Likewise, a middle-class black woman has a differentRead MoreHow Gender Oppression Is T hroughout The Lens Of Race And Racism1456 Words   |  6 Pageswill focus on how gender oppression is exemplified in the lens of race and racism. This paper will demonstrate how Fausto- Sterling, Preves, Messerschmidt, Crittenden and the film Senorita Extraviada have helped us understand the gender oppression itself. While still keeping Intersectionality, the system in which multiple categories intersect to contribute to who you are, in mind. These categories may consist of gender, race, socioeconomic class and sexuality. Intersectionality aids our understandingRead MoreCritically Examine How Black Feminism Emerged And Assess1229 Words   |  5 PagesBlack feminism emerged and assess its impact on contemporary feminist theory. Answer with reference to intersectionality and ‘difference . feminism means the equality between men and women in social, political and social standing. There are many different types of feminism that women have adopted that they best feel aligns with their perspectives of the world. This essay will mainly be focusing black feminism that was developed in the 1960s. The essay will examine why the black feminism movement

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Greek Concept of the Epic Hero Essay - 1135 Words

In classical Greek literature, the epic hero is usually defined in terms of the contrasting characters of Achilles and Odysseus, the most important figures in Homers great epic poems The Iliad and The Odyssey. Achilles, the greatest warrior of the Greeks in the Trojan war, is actually a demi-god rather than a human hero, having been dipped in charmed waters by his mother and given the gift of invulnerability. Odysseus, on the other hand, is a fully human character, and his heroism consists more in his cleverness, boldness and cunning than his martial ability. The contrast between these two models of the epic hero could not be stronger, for although Achilles is godlike and almost immortal in his fighting prowess, he is childish and†¦show more content†¦Then he leaves to sulk in his tent. These is no question that Achilles is indeed the best of the Achaians in combat, but since he is the son of a goddess and blessed with invulnerability in battle, it is hardly his heroism that makes him a great warrior. His counterpart among the Trojans, Hektor, is in truth a much nobler character-- loving to his parents, wife and children, fearless in battle, and willing to sacrifice everything for his people. In comparison with Hektor, Achilles seems to be a mamas boy; in fact, we see him crying to his mother Thetis that the gods have not done enough for him by punishing the Greeks. Sounding like a little boy, he tells her, I wish you had gone on living then with the other goddesses/ of the sea, and that Peleus had married some mortal woman./As it is, there must be in your heart a numberless sorrow for your sons death, since you can never again receive him/ won home again to his country (Lattimore, 1967:377). There is great irony in Achilles obsessive desire to kill Hektor and revenge the death of his friend Patroklos, since as Thetis reminds him, it is decreed your death must come soon after Hektors. As a demigod, Achilles does not possess immortality, and the fatal flaw in his makeup (his mother held him by the ankle when she dipped him in the water) means that he must someday die. Yet after killing Hektor in the great fight scene that concludes his struggles, Achilles does not hesitate to defyShow MoreRelatedEpic Heroism And Values Of The Iliad1030 Words   |  5 Pages DWC 101: Paper 1 November 1, 2017 Epic Heroism and Values of the Greek and Roman Culture The image of Achilles killing Hector and the image of Aeneas killing Turnus classify them as epic heroes. In the Greek epic poem the Iliad, Homer portrays Achilles as an enraged warrior fighting for revenge for a woman he loved. In the Roman epic poem the Aeneid, Virgil portrays Aeneas as fleeing the city of Troy to establish a new city. Achilles and Aeneas are epic heroes because they both show courageRead MoreAre The Best Men Liars? Essay1474 Words   |  6 PagesAre the Best Men Liars? When the Roman Civilization usurped that of the Greeks, a cultural shift took place. The Romans, unlike many other conquerors in history, maintained that the good parts of a defeated culture should be maintained, while those parts not suitable to their worldview would be erased and disregarded. When the Romans took over the Greeks, they continued the Epic tradition, used similar gods, and kept familiar customs. However, within the continuity between the cultures on theseRead MoreThe Modern Epic of Batman Essay731 Words   |  3 Pages An epic is a long narrative poem that tells the exploits of an epic hero. Epics are comprised of an epic hero and an epic battle between good and evil. The earliest known epic today is The Epic of Gilgamesh. This tale is about Gilgamesh’s search for eternal life. Although epics have been around for thousands of years, the epic tradition still has an enormous impact on modern writing and film. In fact, Batman, a story about Bruce Wayne trying to conquer all criminals in Gotham, can be seen as modernRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh And Odysseus1497 Words   |  6 PagesTHESIS STATEMENT In Greek literature, the character Gilgamesh from The Epic of Gilgamesh and Odysseus from The Odyssey by Homer can be compared by their similar journeys and differing heroic qualities. PURPOSE STATEMENT Through careful research and reasoning, Odysseus and Gilgamesh can be seen as both similar and differing characters because of their choices and changes throughout their journeys. INTRODUCTION Gilgamesh, the famous hero of The Epic of Gilgamesh and Odysseus from The Odyssey are foundRead MoreArchetypes Of The Odyssey968 Words   |  4 Pagesinto the category of a hero, one of the many archetypes modern readers use to identify main characters and all other concepts in literature.   Ã‚  All heroes experience the fright and thrill of adventure in most of their tellings. Before we start, we have to explain what era this took place in. Odysseus was the Greek, living on the island of Ithaca. Greece is not the same as the ancient Greece Odysseus grew up in. They believed all natural occurrences was the will of the great Greek gods. The All-FatherRead MoreKleos in The Odyssey by Homer938 Words   |  4 Pages CONCEPT OF KLEOS IN THE ODYSSEY Heroic glory occupies a very crucial place in the Indo-European epic tradition, because the Greek society is a shame culture, in which being honoured is one of the primary purposes of people s lives. Hence, the concept of kleos formed an essential part of the bardic tradition which helped the people to maintain the heroic stature of the mythical heroes from generation to generation. This is why, it has got an important place in the Greek epics also. In TheRead MoreExamples Of Glory And Glory In The Iliad1054 Words   |  5 PagesHonor and glory A. Heroic actions B. God-like glory II. Social Status A. Greek Society B. Recognition and influences III. Mortality and immortality A. Glory after death B. Ongoing honor Conclusion Haley Vinson English 271 December 5, 2017 Glory and Honor in Homer’s Iliad In ancient Greek culture social status was based on prominence and rank. This prepotency over the culture is shown in the epic poem, The Iliad of Homer. Great vitality is exhibited by the characters inRead MoreCompare And Contrast Achilles And Aeneas1263 Words   |  6 Pagesbrings up the question concerning what makes someone an epic hero. 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From escaping the Cyclops’ lair to facing the suitors in Ithaca, Odysseus chooses to use strategy over brute forceRead More The Transcending Characteristics of a Mythical Hero Essay1520 Words   |  7 PagesThe Transcending Characteristics of a Mythical Hero nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Although separated by the wide gulf of time and culture, myths involving supernatural characters and gods exist in almost every society throughout the world. While this commonality may not be spectacular by itself, a detailed comparative study of the myths reveals a more striking similarity. Even in cultures as different and antagonistic as those of the Ancient Greeks and the Sumerians, predecessors of the Persians

The Cost Advantage And Differentiation Advantage Commerce Essay Free Essays

string(52) " to vie is to concentrate on the value watercourse\." With the aid of company ‘s resources and the full capablenesss a company can make these distinction scheme and cost scheme for accomplishing the competitory advantage. It is of import for the house to make up one’s mind on choosing a peculiar scheme that should the house focal point on distinguishing the merchandise or should the house attempt to follow the cost scheme, it wholly depends on the company and the type of company it is. Achieving both the cost and distinction advantage helps the company to accomplish positional advantage which mean that the company is a leader in its ‘ industry. We will write a custom essay sample on The Cost Advantage And Differentiation Advantage Commerce Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now    R? µsourc? µs D-st-nct-v? µ Comp? µt? µnc-? µs Cost dv A ; deg ; nt A ; deg ; g? µ or D-ff? µr? µnt- A ; deg ; t-on dv A ; deg ; nt A ; deg ; g? µ V A ; deg ; lu? µ Cr? µ A ; deg ; t-on C A ; deg ; p A ; deg ; b-l-t-? µs       Forming the market scheme When explicating the existent selling scheme the company really formulates its scheme in many different ways but the astonishing portion is that all of the ways includes dimension. The degree at which the investing should be included or turn a concern Focus on the merchandise or better the service market where the company has to vie Improvement of the merchandise line, positioning the merchandise, or concentrating on the pricing determination or execution of the distribution schemes which are needed to accomplish competitory advantage. Skills needed or the assets to implement the scheme and accomplish competitory advantage. The company where situated, in the long term to be a leader in the market the best manner to accomplish leading is by making the nucleus competences. The betterments in engineerings are doing the domestic trade and the international trade more competitory. Harmonizing to Kotlar, 2004 a company can outdo set up a scheme by understanding globalization and analyze it to explicate schemes. All the factors such as globalization and engineerings are all interconnected. It is because of engineering that there are huge sum of communicating taking topographic point which helps companies to happen other companies where they can make concern. In these ways competition around the universe is increasing and therefore the companies need to explicate schemes which will impact the company in positive and assist the company to be a leader in their industry. Economicss of graduated table Achieving economic sciences of graduated table is really of import for a company because it is related to the cost that is needed to bring forth a peculiar merchandise or services. There are two types of schemes that a company can implement and which can be allowed by lone economic sciences of graduated table. These two schemes are low cost scheme and market pricing scheme. In the low cost scheme the company reduces the merchandise or services doing cost which helps them ear more net income by giving the merchandise to the client at a lower cost for which the company enjoys the economic sciences of graduated table which leads them to accomplish competitory advantage. In the low cost scheme all the company have to make is to maintain the fixed cost of the merchandise or services unchanged and cut down the variable cost which is possible for the administration if they have adequate assets and good direction to command the cost of their services. The other scheme for the company through economic sciences of graduated table would be to maintain the monetary value which is set by the market but cut down the cost of bring forthing the services for which the company will hold cut down the variable cost. After cut downing the variable cost the company the company can bear down the merchandise at the market monetary value but gaining more net income than the other companies. This is why economic sciences of graduated table is needed for a company to accomplish. Value concatenation To make more offers for the consumers a company besides needs to concentrate on the value concatenation which will intern offer clients more expeditiously and assist to company to use the cost more efficaciously. This will ensue for the company to supply services in much more inexpensive manner or at a lower cost which will distinguish the merchandise from that of the rivals. Harmonizing to Rajnandan ( 2007 ) claims that concentrating on the value concatenation does non intend merely seeking it or merely to add value ; it besides means adding values such as betterment of the substructure of the company, engineerings and other critical functions which helps the company to accomplish the competitory advantage. When a company needs to make up one’s mind on outsourcing so value concatenation is needed. . ( Porter, 1999 ) Harmonizing to Lancaster, 2002, it is necessary for a company to concentrate on the rival ‘s scheme, how the other companies in the same industry are carry oning or implementing their scheme. This allows the company to roll up information which will take to pass on the competitory variables. All the variables may include how the other company works in footings of viing with their challengers and it will assist the company who is conveying the study will hold the cognition of how the other company is working. After holding the information on the other company, the company can analyze and implement a much more different scheme which will assist them to accomplish competitory advantage via communicating effectivity. Both the upstream and the downstream providers are connected to the value concatenation which consequences in an addition in the value concatenation and it is known as value system. Concentrating on value system is really of import and a company should non merely concentrate on the value concatenation which will do company accomplish more competitory advantage. This is necessary because for the consequence of globalization and the promotion in the engineerings, deregulating led to the addition in competition. In this consequence the administration had to cut cost but first of all the best manner to vie is to concentrate on the value watercourse. You read "The Cost Advantage And Differentiation Advantage Commerce Essay" in category "Essay examples" ( Kiichiro Fukasaku, 2007 ) Focus on the market For the administrations that are wholly marketing oriented, who can be merchandise or service based or net income or non net income based has to concentrate on the client satisfaction and fulfill their demands and wants. Harmonizing to Lancaster, 2002 the chief key to concentrate and accomplish the administration end expeditiously and efficaciously in the instance of the selling concept the best manner is by wholly being client oriented, being focused on the profitableness and besides co-ordinate selling. To convey this market scheme it is of import for the company to implement a market research through which the company will acquire to cognize the best manner to be competitory and increase net income. Market research is simple an analysis of the entire market of a peculiar industry where there are model-building and facts which will assist the company to do peculiar determination which will intern assist the company to accomplish administration ends efficaciously ( Kotler, 1999 ) . To back up the schemes that are implemented by the companies, the scheme capablenesss are needed. To prolong the competitory advantage the strategic capablenesss are besides needed, some of the links that are needed as a tool and patterns of accomplishing competitory scheme are given below. ( Susman, 1992 ) Figure: The nexus between design tools and patterns and competitory scheme The company needs to larn both its ‘ external and internal environment and this is the manner how the company will hold the ability to entree and capture the information. All this processes can be easy simplified which may be merely done minimising the complexness of information while roll uping and treating them. Through this the company will be able to larn the purchasing behavior of the seller and the client and how the clients behave while buying a peculiar merchandise or services. Both the clients and the sellers get full satisfaction after implementing the study and entree the information, because now the client will be provided with better services and merchandises and at the same the the seller will able to gain more net incomes. ( Lancaster, 2002 ) Awareness KNOWLEDGE Liking Preference Conviction Purchase Figure: The Innovation/Adoption theoretical account ( Lancaster 2002 ) The schemes which are implemented by the companies can be looked at as wide visions which may dwell of consistent constellation of activities are taken by the competitory advantage. The model of competitory advantage may assist the company to supply with some of the tools that may be used to ticket and look at the drivers of the cost and the place of the cost that the company is in. The model besides helps the company to acquire the strategically section the market in an industry. ( Porter, 1998 ) E-Trading These yearss about everyone in the developed and the developing states trusts and have full entree to computing machines for which E-Trading has increased. It is non merely making concern with the clients merely but it besides involves making concern with the other concern. It may be making concern with the providers or making concern with the direct Sellerss or the retail mercantile establishment via cyberspace. This occurred because of the engineering promotion, globalization and the huge usage of cyberspace. The tendency is ever of latest manner when the company have to travel with the tendencies and the latest manner for the company to cover with certain alterations so the company must non keep back. For a company the best option would be to follow up the tendency and convey in alterations for which the companies have to put in all the recent engineerings and develop the company ‘s proficient substructure. This will let the company to cover with the client online and do con cern online and there are many advantages when companies get involved in E trading. It is said that E trading is the fastest and the quickest manner to buy goods from the providers and sell the goods to the clients. These twenty-four hours all the established Bankss have the option for doing dealing through cyberspace hence if a company have Tocopherol trading option so the company can do easy and safe minutess with the Bankss with really small mistakes because the security of online banking is really rigorous but quicker. ( Balthasar, 2010 ) Changing Nature of Consumer Behaviour The clients are the 1s who want to take control of accepting the service that are given by any fiscal establishment. This is because all the clients are smart and the get all the information about which bank or establishment is giving the best offers to the client through the promotion of media and other intelligence documents. Therefore the clients will merely be interested in those Bankss and establishments from which clients will acquire the best services and single demands and satisfaction. ( CMA Management, 2006 ) All the Bankss who want to go celebrated and achieve market leading so the Bankss have to concentrate on the client ‘s wants and demands. By concentrating on the client needs the Bankss should plan and make schemes which will assist the bank to command the clients. For farther hereafter success of the bank, the bank needs to take advanced attacks which will alter the concern design, work force direction and IT. ( Sunny Banerjea, 2009 ) The services clients look for largely is how secure is the security of their money, the demand of protagonism, and stabilization of the control of banking relationships. In this decennary for the promotion in invention and engineerings there are great Numberss of variegations in the concern. In this epoch the Bankss are the 1s who are prosecuting more into the investing, underwriting of securities, prosecuting in insurance concern and portfolio direction. For this the Bankss have to ever remain equipped and when the client looks in to Bankss side concern they start experiencing more safer and salvage tier money into the that bank. Data Management Since this is the epoch of engineering and latest invention the Bankss has to be updated continuously and all the informations should be stored carefully when shifted from one engineering to the other. All the informations should ever be incorporated right through sellers which allows the bank to maintain the right information and the informations related to the client, their histories, client balance, day-to-day dealing of many clients and the bank ‘s personal informations which are related to bank ‘s concern. Harmonizing to Wall Street Arrow Market Insights, 2009 claimed that the more sophisticated the data direction substructure is at that place the more hard it is for the bank to command them. Therefore the Bankss have to do certain that their system which manages that informations are non excessively sophisticated or excessively simple, it has to be a standard one. Economic Convulsion Due to the economic catastrophe the assurance of the bank was lost because the menaces the full bank faced because of the recession was still acquiring deeper instead than demoing any betterment. Some the Bankss were backed by the authoritiess but the others had to go forth the baking concern or sell the concern to some other party who had the power to salvage certain Bankss. The consequence of crisis is easy diminishing but the companies who survived are seeking their best to retrieve every bit fast as possible for which the Bankss are became more competitory and competition between Bankss has increased. There are monolithic competitions in the market and the company has to believe first analyse the market and the rivals so use a suited scheme. In this manner the Bankss that are in debt can acquire out off debt and earn net income. All the schemes that were discussed supra are really of import for the Bankss to follow so that the Bankss can come out of the job that was caused by the economic catastrophe. How to cite The Cost Advantage And Differentiation Advantage Commerce Essay, Essay examples

Gas Price Elasticity Essay Example For Students

Gas Price Elasticity Essay Gas Price ElasticityThe Energy Information Administration of the Department of Energy began tracking weekly gasoline prices in 1990 by means of a survey of 800 service stations around the country. The average retail price for unleaded gasoline posted its fourth record high during the week of June 12, 2000, increasing 5 cents a gallon to an average of $1.681. The price at the pump is higher than the same period last year by 56 cents and has risen 16.2 cents over the past month (Anonymous, 2000). How far will it rise? What will consumers do about the dramatic increases that are occurring with the arrival of each shipment? Price elasticity of demand would indicate that demand will fall as prices continue to rise, which in turn should result in a reduction of prices and a subsequent increase in demand. Such may prove to be the case, but the scenario is an unlikely one. Prices have increased all over the country, but price increases in the Midwest have been even more dramatic than in other areas. Across the region, prices are averaging $1.874 for a gallon of unleaded, but that same product is well over $2 a gallon in many of the cities of the Midwest. Higher grades average $2.003 across the region, marking the first time that average prices have been so high in a specific region of the country (Anonymous, 2000). There is so much concern over the rising prices that apparently are continuing to rise without abatement that the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has opened a formal investigation into soaring gasoline prices in some areas of the Midwest and will begin issuing subpoenas to oil companies by the end of the week (Hebert, 2000; p. aol). Sen. Richard Durbin, D-Ill. believes that the oil companies will reduce prices right away once the subpoenas begin to appear, and the countrys vice president has mentioned that collusion may be behind the oil companies huge profits this year (Hebert, 2000). The summer driving season always brings higher prices in response to heightened demand, but never to the extent seen this year. Of course the final cost of gasoline at the pump is affected by the price of a barrel of crude, but to a lesser extent than oil producers would have consumers believe. The price of crude accounts for only 30 percent of the final cost to the consumer (Brodrick, 2000a). In 1981, the cost of crude accounted for 62 percent of the final cost at the pump. The difference today is that producers of crude have much less power over the final cost of gasoline than they did in prior years. The oil producing nations in the Mideast currently are meeting to discuss increasing production so that crude prices will decline from its current price of more than $30 a barrel to the region of $25 (Georgy, 2000). The American Petroleum Institute reports that 32.6 percent of the final cost to the consumer is the refiners share that covers the cost of refining and provides the oil companies with their profit (Brodrick, 2000a). The governments share is greater, however. Taxes account for 37.4 percent of gasoline costs and averaged 41.5 cents per gallon in 1999, according to the institute. The federal governments share is 18.4 cents, and the state takes about 23 cents. Occasionally, local municipalities tack on an extra tax (Brodrick, 2000a; p. 000215b). The price is further affected by locale. The Midwest typically is one of the highest-priced regions in the nation because it is the most difficult section for transportation. Distance from refineries is prohibitive, and refineries are saying that the current high prices in the region have resulted from problems with using a pipeline that eases transportation costs. .u8ab651188b3190279719dd909f637c0b , .u8ab651188b3190279719dd909f637c0b .postImageUrl , .u8ab651188b3190279719dd909f637c0b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8ab651188b3190279719dd909f637c0b , .u8ab651188b3190279719dd909f637c0b:hover , .u8ab651188b3190279719dd909f637c0b:visited , .u8ab651188b3190279719dd909f637c0b:active { border:0!important; } .u8ab651188b3190279719dd909f637c0b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8ab651188b3190279719dd909f637c0b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8ab651188b3190279719dd909f637c0b:active , .u8ab651188b3190279719dd909f637c0b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8ab651188b3190279719dd909f637c0b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8ab651188b3190279719dd909f637c0b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8ab651188b3190279719dd909f637c0b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8ab651188b3190279719dd909f637c0b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8ab651188b3190279719dd909f637c0b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8ab651188b3190279719dd909f637c0b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8ab651188b3190279719dd909f637c0b .u8ab651188b3190279719dd909f637c0b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8ab651188b3190279719dd909f637c0b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: My mind's in turmoil EssayThe retailers price increase to the final consumer is between 4 and 8 cents a gallon, meaning that there is little option for the consumer to shop on price. Further, consolidation has been active in oil as in other industries. A different brand name does not signify that the gasoline is being sold by different companies. BP owns Amoco; Shell has an alliance with Texaco. Exxon and Mobil have been merged for years. The end result is that there is little price competition at